Jackfruit tree is native to South India, where temperatures and precipitation as in South Vietnam. Most meetings are also grown in Southeast Asia, Thailand, the Philip-pines, India, Bangladesh and the Convention on the fruit trees have not been used to their full potential in Dhaka, capital of Bangladesh in 1992, jack was selected as the fruit of a need to focus on research for development.
In Vietnam, jackfruit with banana trees were planted long ago, people used to eat and be appreciated.
Jackfruit wood that particulary in the heartwood in the tree, is a kind of precious wood, not those used in construction also to make instruments, art furniture manufactured by the soft fibers, not cracking.
Should not ignore the positive impact of jackfruit on the environment . Due to big trees, high, long life, tolerance to drought, sunlight, thick foliage, evergreen, shade valuable environmental improvements, especially in rural areas, the dry season, between the lack of shade rice fields . Today in urban areas, the jackfruit tree villa project is very popular, especially with the beautiful Jackfruit trees valuable to hundreds of million.
Generally jackfruit like hot and rainy climate. So in Vietnam from North to South, jackfruit planted everywhere.
Jackfruit has deep roots tied or drought well, but want to have high output, should only be planted in areas with rainfall of 1,000 mm or more, if not irrigated. In contrast, less jackfruit waterlogging and flood years, on the waterlogged soil, jackfruit trees die first.
Jackfruit trees easygoing on land, bad land though, many stones, as long as drainage can be planted jackfruit, but want big trees, many have grown in volume alluvial soil drainage – People say: planting jackfruit away from home without fruit, implying say where poor soil, fertilize less, low output.
Jackfruit trees less dangerous pests, especially plant Cempedak.
Jackfruit trees are trees planted easygoing place. If commercialized, they must comply with the appropriate technical procedures to lower investment costs, provide the highest economic efficiency. Now there are many varieties of jackfruit well: Jackfruit trees tech products, Jackfruit tree red inside …
In Vietnam can plant jackfruit most places, including the nutrient-poor soil. Select planting in dry soil well drained, not flooding lasts, with sufficient water to grow crops Jackfruit.
Delta, Jackfruit tree planted only low-lying barefoot in the dyke to cultivate strong and 0.3m-0.8m high tissue depending on the hydraulic low level.
Southeast region, the Central Highlands, central mountains shed the northern provinces can plan Jackfruit tree planting combination tech livestock production, aquaculture and processing technologies.
Seasonality in MIT:
The rainy season in May to July of the calendar. If the initiative of irrigation water can be planted earlier, even grown all year round.
GARDEN PLANNING CROP mit:
– Measured overall, subdivision, determine the direction of planting, analyze the physical and chemical indicators of soil …
– Construction: offices, warehouses, housing, water supply and drainage systems, internal paths, stables and ponds … This is the work required to be calculated anticipated as will pictures favorable effects or difficulties during the investment process.
TECHNICAL CROP MIT
1. MIT CROP DENSITY:
– Mit thick planting: Plant a tree 5m, 6m rows. One hectare of about 300 trees (because they must leave the internal path).
– Mit grow sparse: Tree to tree rows 6m 7m. A ha planted about 210 trees.
– Should be planted thick barren land, good soil to grow sparse. Currently, people tend to grow thicker to increase production and shorten the payback period, then apply method or pruned tree pruning.
2. STANDARD OF PLANTS:
Jackfruit tree seeds must be prepared in advance. Trees must ensure proper seed production and must qualify garden. Standard Jackfruit tree has a diameter greater than 0.8 cm higher than the original 35cm (since trace coupling. The root growth. The leaves are aging period. Traces adapter transplant well.
Before putting away two weeks to stop planting fertilizing, watering and spraying reduces pest and disease prevention mushrooms thoroughly.
– Technically Jackfruit Tree Breeding: Can be planted with seedlings of jackfruit is multiplied by seed, root cuttings, cuttings, I guess, grafts and tissue culture. From seed, easy, slow fruit trees, easy segregation should be just good at picking the wrong fruit, delicious qualities. Common way is by planting grafted trees, plants or cuttings from root extract, from the tree just early for work, time for lasting results, just keep the good characteristics of the mother tree Jackfruit (high fruit yield, quality good boy). The downside of this is difficult propagation methods succeed without holding the secret breeding.
– Reduce jackfruit roots, cuttings Jackfruit Tree: Taking root or leaf buds twigs stabilized 2-3cm in diameter cut into sections 15-20cm, stem embedded into antifungals (Benlet C, Aliette … 0.15% ) then tilt the plug on the bed surface 10-15cm deep clean sand, leaving the tops 3-5cm (lime marks from wrong). Moisturizing daily indoor water covered until the plant roots, shoots sprouting cuttings 10cm high, it brings into pots, care for some time and then planted.
– Extract stem Jackfruit Tree: Choose relatively old spike, 2-3cm diameter, sharp knife crossed 2 lines spaced 4-5cm, peel off the shell. Use a clean cloth to wipe carefully peeled wood, plastic dry for 2-3 days and then proceed bunch elected as extracting different kinds of fruit trees. Could use more stimulants rooting currently marketed for both cases I guess, stems cuttings, root cuttings …
– Jackfruit Tree Surgery: Using honey jackfruit seeds, planted forests Mit as rootstock for long meetings. Proceed as trees grafted rootstock is 5-6 months, 30-40cm tall, leaves have stabilized. Can graft or transplant eye pressure style window in which the success rate of transplantation higher pressure. Time for extraction, cuttings and grafting preferably 3-4 months (spring) and May 8-9 (autumn) when tree resin in the stable. The secret of success of the breeding method is jackfruit cuttings, grafting to be done quickly immediately after cutting; with dry resin extraction need 2-3 days to elect a new bunch would otherwise infested that withered branches.
3. MAKING LAND Jackfruit:
– The land is flat to cut deep trenches at least 30 – 40 cm (depending on hydraulic water level in each location) to combat flooding in the rainy season. Making deep cavity 40cm x 40 x 40 high tissue and cover 40 – 70cm.
– Land with a slope of about 5%, without covering tissue, just as the cavity size 40 x 40 x 40cm.
– The slope above 7%, as the cavity size 40 x 40cm and 60cm deep.
– Each socket can mix: lime 0.5 kg, 0.3 kg superphosphate fertilizers, manure 10kg or coconut fiber, husks, rice husks items …
4. METHOD OF CROP mit:
* Land flat tissue grown on high 40 – 70cm.
* Land with about 5% slope planting gourd face flush with the ground.
* The land slopes more than 7% lower than ground planted 20-30cm.
Hook deep hole slightly larger gourd tree.
* Using a knife, scissors and cut out the bottom vote rat tail (roots) twisted.
* Place the hole was elected to the available hooks and pulled away slightly elected bag and install it.
* If dry land to water the plants immediately, using straw, grass … up around election to moisturizing.
* Tall Trees, poles used ailing fixed plug from fallen trees.
Rational planning, correct planting techniques are essential elements for investments Jackfruit trees successful high-tech products.
Jackfruit CARE TECHNOLOGY
To prompt the fruit Jackfruit Tree, highly productive, durable and good quality, to meet market demand. Sewing care have special importance because not only apply purely technical but also must use the experience and acumen in forecasting the market. Mit care techniques divided into two periods. Capital construction period of 3 years, which is about the time the tree is planted for fruit finish time stable. Economic exploitation period from the fourth year onwards. This is where a lot of experience to handle the fruit and forecasts concerning market for productivity, quality and consumption of fresh produce and processed.
1. This moisturizing jackfruit ORIGINAL:
When finished planting must use the available materials, cheap, to cover around the base to cover government weeds, prevent erosion in the rainy season and the dry season moisture.
2. IRRIGATION WATER FOR jackfruit:
If the first month after planting drought to frequent watering 2-3 days / times. Then, can irrigate 4-5 days / times. From the second year after watering the plants in the new period and the monthly fertilizing too arid.
– Mit so scared waterlogged in the rainy season, to check drains and ditches plans for flooding.
3. jackfruit weeding:
Periodic weeding around the base. Ploughing care 3 times per year. The first year 0,4m plows original way, the second year from 0.6m. In the early and mid-season high-level versus slope plowing, to limit rainwater washed away the soil, rain end up plowing back down the slope to the land. 3rd year just around the original weeding or plowing care in rows as needed. Should keep the grass to help create a stable microclimate and soil surface shielding.
4. FERTILIZER APPLICATION FOR mit:
Asian. Compost:
Include all kinds of manure, green manure, compost, or coconut husk baits … item composted fertilizer use helps porous land plants, is a good medium for microbial activity beneficial decomposition of organic material created into humus give the tree.
Dose: More or less depending the age of the tree.
How to apply: Must dig around or part jackfruit trees to fertilize.
Target Season Fertilizer Fertilizer Fertilizer How Free radicals (depth x width)
Year 1 end of the rainy season 8kg 30cm 20cm x 20cm
Year 2 First season 15kg 80cm 25cm x 20cm
Year 3 First season 25kg 30cm x 25cm canopy edge
Year 4 Harvest finished 35kg 30cm x 25cm canopy edge
Year 5 Harvest finished 45kg 30cm x 25cm canopy edge
b. Chemical fertilizers:
Before chemical fertilizers should analyze soil samples to determine the appropriate amount and type of fertilizer, enough to meet the nutritional requirements of the plant … The land has an average fertility rate of 2.2.1 be applied in the construction time. Ratio 2.3.3 + sulfur (S), in the period to the left. In silt loam soil organic baits have low pH and lime to fertilize several times, gray sand, hilly land in the East need more Potassium and Urea.
– 16.16.8 NPK Fertilization (Ratio 2.2.1) during construction. Unit: Gram
Times to apply: 1st Monday Tuesday Wednesday
Year 1: 40 60 80 100
Year 2: 120 140 160 180
– Fertilization rate 2.3.3 can use 100kg NPK 20:20 15:13 S + P + 30kg 60 kg K2SO4 Super dosage. Unit: Gram. Before flowering time Fertilizers / Beans are 30 days left / left after 75 days Beans / Harvesting finished:
Year 3: 250 150 150 300
Year 4: 350 200 200 400
Year 5: 450 250 250 500
* Note:
+ Apply several times and Dam at the end of the period jackfruit tree fruit farming.
+ Apply fertilizer combined with manure in the corresponding period.
+ Additional interest for plants, secondary fertilizers, micronutrients, using commercially available preparations to help treat the plants receive sufficient nutrients, should be combined with the batch pest spray to provide classification tree farming.
– Fertilize the plants before flowering should be based on the experience of handling the flowers and the market forecasts in the harvest period.
5. MIT pruning trees:
– Helps balanced growth trees, the branches of grade I (horizontal stems) distributed evenly, remove diseased branches, old branches, grows not the right direction, bad eating twigs. The pruning should be done when the plant height of about 1m or more, young plant canopy pruning 2-3 times / year. Large trees annually harvested fruit finish.
– How to prune meeting: Cut off the stems close to the ground, branches that grow parallel to the axis of the main body, retaining the original stems about 40cm from level 1 upward growing branches choose different directions, twigs on a branch under approximately 40-50cm, forming the floors, each no more than 5 branch level 1. Pruning branches dropping level 2, level 3 … for being pretty and airy tree. Pruning is one of the measures to increase productivity, disease prevention and effective aesthetic.
Pest control HARMFUL TO jackfruit
A. Diseases:
1. Root rot disease SPILL ON ASPHALT PLANT mit:
Diseases that occur on jackfruit garden too wet and there are many kinds of plant-sucking insect pests, causing wounds and is a good opportunity for the fungus Phytophthora intrusion.
The disease can be present in the root zone ulcers, translated from inside water leaking out, peel the root zone of each array to rot, wet the wood surface and deep black. Yellow leaves, fallen and dead trees. Usually when the disease is detected in the state of heavy, difficult to treat.
The most effective way to prevent the tall trees on the ground, good drainage. Protection of natural enemies to limit harmful pest density, when necessary medicines selective chemical to spray as Ridomyl, Aliette.
2. soft rot jackfruit DISEASE:
Nursery seedlings at high humidity, too dense and susceptible to disease spread very fast. Fungal diseases can Rizoctonia solani, Sclerotium, Pythium causes.
– On the original body and feed the plant material surface many large round sclerotia, small dense and spread rapidly. Original atrophy disease, fresh green leaves and part reads premature death as being boiled down in hot water.
– Prevention:
+ Use stool rotten.
+ Create a ventilated, dry and well drained.
+ Handling of raw materials in the nursery with drugs like Kitazin, Rovral, Ridomyl …
– Cure:
+ Viben C 50 BTN, Bonanza 100 DD, Score 250 EC, Tilt 250 ND.
B. jackfruit harmful pests:
1. borer, Duc Canh mit:
Margronia name, the insect lays its eggs on young leaves, young fruit and then bore into stems. Spray insecticides on young leaves stage, young fruit as Cyperan 5 EC, 10 EC, decis 2,5EC, Bian 40-50 EC, 50 EC Basudin.
2. borer jackfruit:
Causing heavy damage on jackfruit reduce the quality and yield. Often in the adjacent section of the left or the middle of the left adjacent to the body, causing heavy damage was nhat.Trai can be damaged or dislodged soon.
Do not use treatments that use chemical drugs biological measures to prevent the damage or how the left in the late stages of physiological fruit drop.
3. HIS jackfruit German:
There are many different pests, sucking them at night in nine stages left. How treatment room like pod borer.
4. Fruit fly mit:
Do dacus sp species, lays eggs in the old left, causing soft rot left. Biological substances used to kill lure males. Wrapper left or sprays kill flies as Trebon 10 Nd, 25 ec decis …
5. Ray, aphids mit …
There are many pests on jackfruit, sucking them young leaves, bud, leaves shriveled left to do, slow-growing trees, fruit malformed and mottled with soot fungi attack reduces the photosynthetic ability of plants and left beautiful. When grown in high places often mealybugs attack on the base and roots. Chemical medicines to treat aphids aphids following an investigation has high density: Bassan 50 EC, 40 EC Supracide, Basudin 50 ec …
For crop protection measures should apply integrated pest management IPM + Establish effective farming systems regularly. Taking measures to enhance the natural biological translation, limiting insect pests due. Using chemical pesticides when needed.
Construction pest forecasting systems, disaster services, the natural conditions in order to determine the appropriate direction actual production situation.
Compared with other kinds of fruit trees Tree Jackfruit is easy to grow, very drought tolerant, less public care, pest management applied by good IPM approach may not need to use plant protection drugs, for there high yield, good quality, appropriate fresh food, as food processing and supply base for animal husbandry, fisheries, finally obtained large timber volume and you have high economic value. Direct care workers is not compromised by contamination, consumers are not afraid of being poisoned by the plant protection drugs residues in products.
Jackfruit trees are fruit tree can act as trees, or shade garden plants, landscaping, bring high economic efficiency and long-term.